MINGGU 5
TERJEMAHAN JADUAL
|
Macro Structure Global meaning of a observable text from a text topic/theme |
|
Superstructure A framework of a text such as the advance section,
content, cover and conclusion |
|
Micro Structure The meaning of the locality of a observable text From the choice of words, sentences and styles
worn by a text |
Figure 1: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by
vanDijk (1977)
|
Critical
Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995) |
||
|
Textual Analysis Grammar ·
Themes Lexical ·
Metaphors Cohesion ·
Repetition
·
Conjugation |
Practical Discourse
Analysis Intertectuality · Pre-assumptions · Meta
Discourse · Disclaimer Interdiscuse · Narrative · Debate
· Expository · Expressive |
Practical Social
Analysis Economic Education Political |
Figure 2: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by
Fairclough (1995)
|
DECENCY STRATEGY |
|
|
Bald on-record Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in. Invite meals. |
Positive Decency Example:
You look sad. Can I help? Can I
borrow a hundred dollars? I
follow you to the hospital, if you do not mind. |
|
Negative
Decency Maybe he who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Removing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed. |
Off-record Yeah, getting cooler in
this room. Expensive right price
shoes here. Your clothes are
beautiful. |
Figure 3: Decency Strategy by Brown & Levinson (1987)
|
Discourse
Analysis Approach (Normaliza
Abd Rahim, 2018b) |
||||
|
PRE-ASSUMPTIONS 1. Intuition 2. Context ·
Acceptance/ ·
Disclaimer ·
Requirements ·
Reference ·
Anaphora ·
Repetition ·
Ambiguity ·
Assertion
|
Emotional 1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Mixed
Emotions · Temperament · Personality · Mood · Motivation |
VALUES
AND CULTURE 1. Self 2. Society 3. Customs · Honestly,
sincerely, kindness, love, crafts, thanksgiving, simplicity · Independent,
high prudence, courage, physical
hygiene and mental, politeness · Respect,
cooperation, community spirit · Justice,
freedom, rationality |
Language 1. First language/ second/
Third 2. Formal/
Informal 3. Offence
Language 4. Linguistics |
Inference 1. Overall
Formulation 2. Summary of
discussion
topics 3. Word cover |
Figure
4: Discourse Analysis Approach by Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)
|
Discourse
Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d) |
||
|
Content 1. Themes |
Context
1. Grammar 2. Background 2. Emotions |
Assumptions
1. Opinions 2. Reference 3. Questions |
Figure
5: Discourse Analysis Theory
Table 2: Context
in Social Values Storytelling Model Through Children's Stories
|
Title |
Background |
Grammar |
Title |
|
Family |
Easy
and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children |
Mother
and father's house |
Happy, longing |
|
Self |
Easy
and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children |
Indoors
and outdoors, schools |
Happy |
|
Im
The Special One |
Easy
and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children |
Mother
and father's house |
|
|
I
Know |
Easy
and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children |
Indoor or outdoors |
|
|
I
Understand |
Easy
and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children |
Home,
school or
in public
places |
Happy, sympathy, care |
Table 3: Content in Social Stories
Table 4: Context in Social Storie
Table 5: List of
Social Values in Social Stories
|
Title |
Social Values |
|
Grandmother and
Grandfather |
Love,
care, rationality, responsibility, sincerely, to be honest, kindness, family,
patience |
|
Im The Special One |
Kindness,
sincere, helpful, caring, responsibility |
|
Family |
Kindness,
patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility,
rationality |
|
Heart |
Kindness,
love, caring, sincere, honesty, sharing, thankful, respect, hardworking |
|
Neighbour |
Kindness,
responsibility, love, rationality, caring, sincerely, honest, confident, neighbourhood |
|
Taxonomy of Communication Strategies by
Dornyei & Scott (1997) |
|
Ignition
or Reduction Strategy |
|
1. Omission/Omission of messages 2. Elactiation of topics |
|
Achievement
or Compensatory Strategies |
|
3. Paraphrasing
(Circumlocution) 4. Apprehension 5. Use of
all-purpose words 6. Create new words
(Word-coinage) 7.
Restructuring/Use of non-linguistic means 8. Literal
translation 9.
Internationalization 10. Code change 11. Request help,
explanation, confirmation or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling |
|
Stalling
or Time-gaining Strategies |
|
12.
Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy (hesitation devices) |
Rajah 7: Taxonomy
of Communication Strategies by Dornyei & Scott (1997)
RUMUSAN
Table 6:
Communication Strategy
|
|
Communication
Strategy |
Frequency |
|
1 |
Abbreviation |
15 |
|
2 |
New
words no meaning |
4 |
|
3 |
Disclaimer/Contradictions |
10 |
|
4 |
Question |
6 |
|
5 |
Repetition |
8 |
|
6 |
Reference |
13 |
|
7 |
Self-correction |
5 |
|
8 |
Different
topics/message ignorance |
4 |
|
9 |
Interstitial |
8 |
|
10 |
Delay |
6 |
|
11 |
Literal
translation |
4 |
|
12 |
Language
changes |
4 |
|
13 |
Imagination |
5 |
|
14 |
Modesty |
4 |
|
15 |
Paraphrasing |
4 |
|
16 |
Ask
for help |
4 |
Comments
Post a Comment